呼吸检测是诊断小肠细菌过度生长（SIBO）和/或肠道产甲烷菌过度生长（IMO）中应用最广泛的方法。虽然SIBO可以通过小肠吸入性和呼吸测试来诊断，但IMO在临床实践中只能通过呼吸测试来诊断。

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been implicated in symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), though mechanisms remain poorly defined and treatment involves non-specific antibiotics.

Methane levels in methane-positive lactulose breath tests are frequently elevated at time zero. We hypothesized that baseline methane level is sufficient to detect excessive methane production and thereby avoid extended testing. Our aim was to determine if baseline methane levels were sufficient to identify methanepositive individuals as defined by current guidelines.

Unexplained bloating, gas, and pain are common symptoms. If routine tests are negative, such patients are often labeled as irritable bowel syndrome.

The human microbiome is strongly interwoven with human health and disease. Besides bacteria, viruses and eukaryotes, numerous archaea are located in the human gastrointestinal tract and are responsible for methane production,which can be measured in clinical methane breath analyses.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is characterized by abnormal and excessive amounts of bacteria in the small intestine. Since symptoms and lab tests are non-specific, the diagnosis of SIBO is highly dependent on breath testing.

HBT与弹性成像技术的结合对临床胰腺损伤具有简单、快捷、无创可靠的诊断效果，可作为临床诊断胰腺损伤的指标，是临床慢性胰腺损害的诊断可进一步推广的检测手段，但是弹性成像对于胰腺损伤的敏感性与特异性并未达到较高的理想状态，需进一步验证。

The measurement of hydrogen–methane breath gases is widely used in gastroenterology to evaluate malabsorption syndromes and bacterial overgrowth.

The central nervous system (CNS) is known as an immuneprivileged tissue system but remains susceptible to inflammatory responses.

Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is associated with the outcome of pancreatic disease. However,there is no method for assessing PEI that can be used noninvasively and easily for outpatient. It has been reported that changes in intestinal bacteria caused by PEI may increase breath hydrogen concentration (BHC) levels during glucose or lactose loading.